Precise developmental gene expression arises from globally stochastic transcriptional activity. Author Shawn Little, Mikhail Tikhonov, Thomas Gregor Publication Year 2013 Type Journal Article Abstract Early embryonic patterning events are strikingly precise, a fact that appears incompatible with the stochastic gene expression observed across phyla. Using single-molecule mRNA quantification in Drosophila embryos, we determine the magnitude of fluctuations in the expression of four critical patterning genes. The accumulation of mRNAs is identical across genes and fluctuates by only ∼8% between neighboring nuclei, generating precise protein distributions. In contrast, transcribing loci exhibit an intrinsic noise of ∼45% independent of specific promoter-enhancer architecture or fluctuating inputs. Precise transcript distribution in the syncytium is recovered via straightforward spatiotemporal averaging, i.e., accumulation and diffusion of transcripts during nuclear cycles, without regulatory feedback. Common expression characteristics shared between genes suggest that fluctuations in mRNA production are context independent and are a fundamental property of transcription. The findings shed light on how the apparent paradox between stochastic transcription and developmental precision is resolved. Keywords Animals, Drosophila Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Transcription, Genetic, Drosophila melanogaster, Transcription Factors, DNA-Binding Proteins, Cell Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Stochastic Processes Journal Cell Volume 154 Issue 4 Pages 789-800 Date Published 08/2013 Alternate Journal Cell Google ScholarBibTeXEndNote X3 XML