Morphogenesis at criticality. Author Dmitry Krotov, Julien Dubuis, Thomas Gregor, William Bialek Publication Year 2014 Type Journal Article Abstract Spatial patterns in the early fruit fly embryo emerge from a network of interactions among transcription factors, the gap genes, driven by maternal inputs. Such networks can exhibit many qualitatively different behaviors, separated by critical surfaces. At criticality, we should observe strong correlations in the fluctuations of different genes around their mean expression levels, a slowing of the dynamics along some but not all directions in the space of possible expression levels, correlations of expression fluctuations over long distances in the embryo, and departures from a Gaussian distribution of these fluctuations. Analysis of recent experiments on the gap gene network shows that all these signatures are observed, and that the different signatures are related in ways predicted by theory. Although there might be other explanations for these individual phenomena, the confluence of evidence suggests that this genetic network is tuned to criticality. Keywords Animals, Drosophila, Drosophila Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Models, Biological, Gene Regulatory Networks, Morphogenesis, Transcription Factors, DNA-Binding Proteins, Thermodynamics, Biological Evolution, Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors Journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Volume 111 Issue 10 Pages 3683-8 Date Published 03/2014 Alternate Journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. Google ScholarBibTeXEndNote X3 XML