Title | Conservation of the metabolomic response to starvation across two divergent microbes. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2006 |
Authors | Brauer, MJ, Yuan, J, Bennett, BD, Lu, W, Kimball, E, Botstein, D, Rabinowitz, JD |
Journal | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Volume | 103 |
Issue | 51 |
Pagination | 19302-7 |
Date Published | 2006 Dec 19 |
Keywords | Carbon, Chromatography, Liquid, Cluster Analysis, Energy Metabolism, Escherichia coli K12, Escherichia coli Proteins, Mass Spectrometry, Nitrogen, Phenylpyruvic Acids, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Species Specificity |
Abstract | We followed 68 cellular metabolites after carbon or nitrogen starvation of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using a filter-culture methodology that allows exponential growth, nondisruptive nutrient removal, and fast quenching of metabolism. Dynamic concentration changes were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and viewed in clustered heat-map format. The major metabolic responses anticipated from metabolite-specific experiments in the literature were observed as well as a number of novel responses. When the data were analyzed by singular value decomposition, two dominant characteristic vectors were found, one corresponding to a generic starvation response and another to a nutrient-specific starvation response that is similar in both organisms. Together these captured a remarkable 72% of the metabolite concentration changes in the full data set. The responses described by the generic starvation response vector (42%) included, for example, depletion of most biosynthetic intermediates. The nutrient-specific vector (30%) included key responses such as increased phosphoenolpyruvate signaling glucose deprivation and increased alpha-ketoglutarate signaling ammonia deprivation. Metabolic similarity across organisms extends from the covalent reaction network of metabolism to include many elements of metabolome response to nutrient deprivation as well. |
Alternate Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |