@article{1401,
  author = {Wenzhong Xiao and Michael Mindrinos and Junhee Seok and Joseph Cuschieri and Alex Cuenca and Hong Gao and Douglas Hayden and Laura Hennessy and Ernest Moore and Joseph Minei and Paul Bankey and Jeffrey Johnson and Jason Sperry and Avery Nathens and Timothy Billiar and Michael West and Bernard Brownstein and Philip Mason and Henry Baker V and Celeste Finnerty and Marc Jeschke and Cecilia L{\'o}pez and Matthew Klein and Richard Gamelli and Nicole Gibran and Brett Arnoldo and Weihong Xu and Yuping Zhang and Steven Calvano and Grace McDonald-Smith and David Schoenfeld and John Storey and Perren Cobb and Shaw Warren and Lyle Moldawer and David Herndon and Stephen Lowry and Ronald Maier V and Ronald Davis and Ronald Tompkins and Inflammation Program},
  title = {A genomic storm in critically injured humans.},
  abstract = {<p>Human survival from injury requires an appropriate inflammatory and immune response. We describe the circulating leukocyte transcriptome after severe trauma and burn injury, as well as in healthy subjects receiving low-dose bacterial endotoxin, and show that these severe stresses produce a global reprioritization affecting \&gt;80\% of the cellular functions and pathways, a truly unexpected "genomic storm." In severe blunt trauma, the early leukocyte genomic response is consistent with simultaneously increased expression of genes involved in the systemic inflammatory, innate immune, and compensatory antiinflammatory responses, as well as in the suppression of genes involved in adaptive immunity. Furthermore, complications like nosocomial infections and organ failure are not associated with any genomic evidence of a second hit and differ only in the magnitude and duration of this genomic reprioritization. The similarities in gene expression patterns between different injuries reveal an apparently fundamental human response to severe inflammatory stress, with genomic signatures that are surprisingly far more common than different. Based on these transcriptional data, we propose a new paradigm for the human immunological response to severe injury.</p>
},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {The Journal of experimental medicine},
  volume = {208},
  pages = {2581-90},
  month = {12/2011},
  issn = {1540-9538},
  doi = {10.1084/jem.20111354},
  language = {eng},
}